3d printing layer height calculator

3d printing layer height calculator. Jan 19, 2023 · 3D printing threads and screws that fit is a challenge. 68mm if your line width is set to 0. 2 mm; Perimeters – 2; Top layers – 0; Bottom layers – 1; Infill – 0%; Speed – 50 mm/s (This value is recommended to be as close as possible to the usual printing speed). Nov 24, 2021 · The best way to figure out how to calculate 3D printing time is to use Slicer software to tell you based on:Layer heightNozzle diameterObject sizeInfill percentagePrint speedEstimate Print Time From STL FileSlicer software like Cura can calculate several instructions the printer gets from the STL file. Influence of Layer Height on Print I've been using Monocure's 3D Rapid Resin with my Qidi Shadow 5. For a layer height of 0. 4 mm diameter nozzle, which is the most popular size of 3D printer Jul 4, 2022 · This angle calculator can be useful for printing flat smooth surfaces on resin 3D printers using the best angle when some planes should be printed best, but cannot be printed horizontally/flat due to the fact that the model must be somehow angled. Of course, there are also 3D printers available that can also create a layer height below 50 μm (= 0. Since 3D printing is a layer-by-layer activity, it requires a good foundation for the next layer of around 50% contact, which is 45 degrees. 16mm. 1 mm thick, and a print speed of 60 mm/s. Find tips and tricks to improve layer adhesion and smooth layer lines. Our 3d printing speed calculator lets you find the maximum print speed that you can achieve with your current 3d printer configuration. For example, in order to print a hole along a horizontal axis, the printer software has to slice the circular hole into multiple layers and then stack them on top of each other Oct 13, 2020 · Printing a tree frog without supports on the SL1 (0. What is Layer Height? Layer height refers to the vertical distance between each material layer deposited by the 3D printer during printing. FAQs. Regardless of what layer height I am printing with I usually stick with a 0. 300 mm as the “default” layer height, but I specified where on the geometry to start using variable layers. The layer height should not be greater than 75% of the nozzle diameter and not less than 25%. Printing Time Layer height 0. Layer height is the 3D slicer setting that establishes the height, or thickness, of each layer of filament in your print. You can use the flat surface formula to determine what your print angle should be: Tan-1(layer height/ pixel width) Dec 5, 2022 · What Is The Best First Layer Height In 3D Printing? A layer height of between 0. How can precise print time estimation benefit 3D printing projects? The standard layer height for filament 3D printers typically ranges from 50 microns (. This refers to the number of bottom layers. 05 layer height. Although several factors play a role in printing time, you can expect it to take much longer to print at a lower layer height – as much as double the time of printing at twice the layer Layer height is one of the most important settings in 3D printing, as it affects the quality, speed, and strength of your prints. Considering printing a display piece and I was curious how much I should adjust my exposure time if I was to print at say . Michael has authored over 900 articles, helping millions navigate the exciting world of 3D printing. 6mm nozzle or larger works well. 6(mm), Layer Height: 0. Actually, the printing time is inverse proportional to the layer heig Line width: 0. The Initial Layer Height is simply the height of your print’s first layer. The Hotends. ChiTuBox recommends settings of 0. 02 mm (for a 0. Layer heights are typically measured in microns (µm), with 1 micron being equal to 0. Here are the steps to follow for a great first layer of your 3D print: Leveling; Temperature; Layer Height; Layer Speed; Calibration; Leveling. If the axis is disabled during micro-step, axis jumps to the closest full step and intorduce error. 2mm, this will give about 25% squish. To achieve high-quality 3D prints, precision in layer height and other settings is crucial. When the cube finishes printing, remove it from the bed. 4mm nozzle. This layer height provides a balance of Optimal Layer Height Calculator. Why is layer height so important? Layer height is a 3D printing parameter that affects many other performance and quality metrics. A finer layer height, although it ensures a higher level of detail, leads to a significant increase in the overall printing time. Jun 16, 2020 · The best layer height in 3D printing for a standard 0. 004 inches). The formula used for calculating 3D print time is: Print Time = Print Speed Total Layers × Layer Height Example. This tool is designed to help calculate the "actual" costs and profits you can generate from a 3D Printed part. If you prioritize for quality you might just use the same layer height as the other layers, although the layer height difference is hardly ever noticeable. 28mm): Larger Layer Height that results in increased strength and faster 3D printing time, but rougher print quality; Initial Layer Height. The Top/Bottom layer thickness is simply the height or thickness of these respective layers. The variable layer height can be set up either automatically, manually or you can combine the two workflows together. 3mm. com Layer Height Calculator is a powerful tool that takes the guesswork out of layer height settings for your 3D printer. 25 for the lower bound of layer height values. Sep 1, 2020 · After putting in these parameters, the calculator will tell you whether your desired layer height gives you an optimal layer height, or returns a red highlighted layer height which should be changed to one of the green highlighted layer heights. g. One can achieve the optimal layer height by understanding the 3D printer's capabilities, material, and nozzle diameter, resulting in a high-quality 3D print. 3mm with a 0. 4mm nozzle for most standard 3D printing. If you are printing at 50 microns or a 0. 24 mm, and an initial layer height value of 0. For the test print, we set the First Layer height to 100%. Early machines struggled to break the 1 mm barrier, but now layer thicknesses on FDM 3D printers can be sub-0. Layer height is critical in SLA printing since it determines your cost, model’s visual appearance, and duration. 04 mm (for a 1. With a . It’s worth considering making the first layer slightly thicker than the rest of the model. Image Source: 3DSourced. Simply enter your nozzle size, line width, layer height and choose the material you’ll be printing. 05mm will be a good start. From left to right, 1, 2, 3, and 5 top layers, printed at 0. . The picture below shows a 20mm diameter half-sphere side by side with an AA battery. 24mm initial layer height for a 0. The most common 3D printing layer height is 0. Aug 5, 2021 · My first print was the Make: Rook Resin Printer Torture Piece, and given how short it was, I thought I would try pushing things to the limit and printed it at a 10-micron layer height, but I used the curing times in the guide above for the Elegoo Mars (figured it was the most similar to my actual printer the Halot-One), and as soon as I started If you would prefer the first layer to be squished, a value of -0. The line width of the first layer is normally the same as for the rest of the object. 2mm and 0. When you go back to something like PLA, change your first layer back and you're good to go; no machine adjustment required. The 100 layer height model took 2 hours to 3D print with 230 layers total. May 22, 2022 · The numbers that align your layer height with the steps on the 3D printer’s Z-axis stepper motor are known as Ender 3 magic numbers. 3mm or even 0. For example, a calibration cube at 0. In 3D printing, the object is built up layer by layer. Jan 13, 2021 · Best Layer Heights for Resin 3D Printing. FAQs? What factors can influence 3D print time? Factors such as layer height, infill density, and complexity of the design can affect print time. 05mm layer height and 65mm/min speed for a high resolution print. But it’s also incredibly annoying. With a 0. 5s. 90% first layer height? Nope. 1mm compared to 0. 4mm nozzle is between 0. Your nozzle diameter and layer height is going to have the most significance in how long it takes to 3D print a miniature. Owns over 20 3D printers (filament and resin) and has plenty experience 3D printing. The thinner the layer, the If you print PETG, simply increase your first layer height to something like 0. The Hotends. 8mm nozzle. 1 = 0. 3mm layer heights. To calculate this, focus on these five variables: Filament Price — A standard 2. If you want to 3D print highly detailed models, use a 0. : 0. 3(mm) and speed 100 (mm/s) Using the Line width x Layer Height x Speed = 18 mm³/s; With the calculator on this page = 16. Variable Layer Height Feb 16, 2023 · Decoding the Best Layer Exposure Test Print The best way to test for and find the correct Layer Exposure Time for your set-up is to print a couple of exposure test models with your Resin 3D printer at different exposure amounts. Oct 17, 2023 · In this case, the calculator indicates that it will take approximately 200 seconds to complete your 3D printing project. Easily calculate your true cost, and profits, of 3D printing parts with this tool that analyzes your STL model, electricity costs, and more. 36 mm. Also known as layer thickness or layer height, the vertical resolution was the first major numerical differentiation between early 3D printers. Oct 5, 2023 · Understanding Layer Height in 3D Printing. Welcome to the Ender 3 community, a specialized subreddit for all users of the Ender 3 3D printer. It is where some layers of your 3D print don’t adhere to the previous layer properly, which ruins the final look of the print. 8mm nozzle I've had success printing at . Optimal layer height for your Z axis. Been printing for almost a year now but I’ve always done . Nov 11, 2023 · Here’s all you should know about printing flat surfaces. Oct 30, 2022 · It controls the distance between each layer of a 3D print. 2 mm as this value works perfectly for 0. 1mm would give the print 1000 layers. Helps you to select layer height in a way, that Z axis moves only by full step increments. 16, 0. The 50-micron layer height model took 5 hours to 3D print with 704 layers total. Also lift distance, exposure time and light-off time are available to be customized. Jan 19, 2023 · There is no denying that finding both the optimal layer height and the optimal first layer height is vital to conducting the 3D printing process successfully with PETG filament. 05mm layer height) will consume 10. Jan 1, 2021 · What is the Line Width Setting in 3D Printing? The line width setting in 3D printing is simply how wide your nozzle extrudes each line of filament. Step 3: Measure the Cube I read somewhere that a good rule to follow is don't print more than half your nozzle diameter in layer height. 4 nozzles). Sep 28, 2019 · Most of you probably set the layer height to adjust the amount of detail of your 3D prints and how smooth the surface finish shall be at the end. 2 lbs spool of PLA filament costs around $20. It provides practical tips for optimizing line width, including matching it with layer height to ensure proper adhesion, structural integrity, and consistent surface finish in prints. These layers will influence the final look of the print because part of their layers forms the print’s skin (the outermost surface of the print). It refers to the 3d printing minimum wall thickness of each individual layer of filament that a 3D printer lays down to create an object. 1 mm layer height. May 25, 2020 · Wall thickness and infill are two factors in 3D printing to increase the strength of your 3D prints. Therefore, layer height can have a massive impact on the speed and quality of your 3D prints. The best layer height for resin printing usually ranges between 0. 3 mm. If you are thinking of 'Golden Layerheights' this was largely a concept for early 3D printers with Old design Stepper Drivers. 5mm nozzle for my poly carbonate and print anywhere between . For your 3D print, this means that the layer height to be printed cannot be greater than the nozzle diameter. 1 and 0. 05mm layer height. 05mm (10 to 50 microns), where you would use 0. As your leadscrew has a lead of 8 mm (i. For PETG I like a first layer height of 0. Keep reading to find out more! Advertisement. In other words, layer height is the distance the nozzle moves up, along the Z-axis, after each layer. For example, you will hardly distinguish two models visually when you create Nov 7, 2023 · (typical . Sep 5, 2020 · In the 3D printing process, there is a phenomenon called layer separation, layer splitting, or even delamination of your 3D prints. 28, 0. 28mm which seems to help with the build-up issue PETG is In summary, the role of layer height in 3D printing is essential in determining the balance between speed, quality, and strength of the printed object. Jan 8, 2024 · Best 3D Printer Slicer Settings 1. A layer height of 0. A model with 0% infill and a 3mm wall will be very strong, while a model with a 0. Based on the information from this video by 3Dprintingpro, this calculator helps you determine the adjusted slow layer time and regular layer time when Oct 31, 2023 · 3D printing layer height — sometimes known as layer thickness, layer resolution, or Z-axis resolution — is a measure of the thickness of each extruded layer of material. 3 mm layer height use 3 top layers, with 0. This is one of the most important technical specifications that should be considered when buying a 3D printer. 1. G Code is the instruction the 3D printer is … How To Calculate 3D Printing Time [Examples Apr 15, 2024 · Welcome back, avid readers! Today, we delve into the intricate world of 3D printing and explore a fundamental aspect: layer height. Using the 3D Print Time Calculator is straightforward. Depending on whether your printer is equipped with one or two printheads, the supports are made of the same Aug 19, 2023 · The calculator's working involves inputs like layer height, nozzle width, and print speed to calculate the flow rate. In some sense, layer height in 3D printing is akin to resolution in photography or videography. 02. The same calibration cube at 0. When it comes to wall thickness vs infill, it’s better to use wall thickness for strength. The XY Resolution or Pixel Width is the length of the voxel on the printer screen. 05 mm) to 400 microns (0. Therefore, if you’re printing figurines or other similar objects that require above-average levels of precision, it’s important to opt for a layer height well below 0. The Layer Height is the height of a layer specified in the slicer. Basically all of my prints thus far have been done at a 0. 4mm diameter nozzle has lower chances of print failure. The exception is for PETG which tends to build up on around the nozzle during the first layer. 6 USD. Halving the layer height to 0. Jan 29, 2024 · If you need to know how much to charge for 3D printing, read on for the best 3D print cost calculators to help you set the right price! All3DP Printables Basics Buyer's Guides News Rapid + TCT 2024 Layer Height vs. 4 mm nozzle, then you should have a maximum layer height of 0. Another way to think of this is that 100% of your extrusion will be forced into a space that is 75% of the layer height. 01-0. , 0. Calculate Print Angle Using Flat Surface Formula. 2 mm Layer height 0. Thinner layers give you less of a stairstep effect but will increase the print time. That is, if you use the standard 0. 43 ml resin – this costs 0. Calculate the magic numbers that fall between the range of numbers you have found in the first and second steps, which will be your layer height candidates. 05mm layer height, you’ll need to lower the space from the nozzle to the bed. In this set-up, the layer height is only 5% of the nozzle size. Source: Jackson O’Connell. Jan 19, 2023 · This versatility makes it suitable for different users, allowing you to develop and grow your 3D printing skills over time. See full list on 3dsolved. Nov 22, 2023 · People want to know the best 3D printing layer height, but why does that even matter? In this guide, we’ll teach you everything you need to know about the layer height in 3D printing. Jul 7, 2020 · This distance also does depend on your nozzle diameter and layer height. We’ll discuss what it is, how it works, why it matters, and what a huge impact it has on your final parts. Given in millimeters or microns, it shows the resolution of the part along its Z-axis: thinner layers allow for more detail. That’s why I’ve created this handy calculator to do the math for you. 6mm layer height. 4mm nozzle, it’s possible to have a line width of 0. If the number is set too high, printing speed becomes faster, but model details may be lost. I generally use a . 2mm, the print would have 500 layer lines. Aug 12, 2022 · The minimum layer height of a 3D printer varies from one to another. Learn how to choose and optimize the best layer height for your 3D printing Apr 30, 2019 · You decide which layer height you want based on the quality you desire, but never go over about 75 % of your nozzle diameter, so with your 0. Layer Height in SLA Processes. Jul 29, 2024 · The cost of 3D printing 1 foot of filament is approximately $0. 4 mm. Nov 11, 2023 · As most 3D printing enthusiasts already know, lowering your layers’ height can help you achieve much more precise details. ) The impact of layer height is more noticeable on curves and angles and is less prominent on straight vertical walls, due to the layer-by-layer nature of 3D printing. Temperature – 195C for PLA / 225C for PETG (value is set according to your filament specs). Jul 10, 2018 · A similar test was done using a 1. The average layer height in a typical 3D printing technology like Stereolithography (SLA 3D printing) is 100 microns, with a minimum of 25 microns. Print Speed. Jun 7, 2017 · This means it can show off very well the benefits of variable layer height. Couple this with a 200% initial layer width for optimum stickyness. Apr 26, 2019 · To 3D print a miniature, it can take anywhere from 30 minutes up to 10+ hours depending on your layer height, the complexity of the model and other slicer settings that you implement. Oct 18, 2023 · Learn what layer height is, how it affects your 3D printing quality and speed, and how to optimize it for your 3D prototype. Mar 4, 2024 · Layer height in 3D printing is a simple setting that affects print speed and detail. 8mm wall and 100% infill won’t be as strong. The layer height is directly proportional to the print speed. For commercially available 3D printers, the layer height is approximately between 0. 8mm. 4 mm nozzle never choose layer heights larger than 0. In other words, if you increase the layer height, the print speed surges, and the vice versa is also true. Fixed Layer Height. e. Sep 8, 2021 · Michael Dwamena is the founder of 3D Printerly, a platform dedicated to simplifying 3D printing for hobbyists and professionals alike. This is particularly important for prints with overhangs or complex shapes. Nov 23, 2020 · Very simple formula for changing exposure time when you are changing layer heights! Jun 19, 2023 · If you’re into resin 3D printing, you know that adjusting layer times when changing layer height is crucial for successful prints. 32 Feb 15, 2023 · From left to right the layer height used was 10, 50, and 100 microns. Layer Height. This can result in significantly shorter print times with minimal sacrifice to the print quality. 001 millimeters. There are a few ways to fix layer separation, which are usually pretty quick solutions. , a full rotation will move the Z-axis by 8 mm), a full step is either 8/200=0. 1 mm layer height use 9 top layers). Here, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and professionals gather to discuss, troubleshoot, and explore everything related to 3D printing with the Ender 3. 3D models usually require a thick first layer for a better “squish” or first layer adhesion. with 0. If you want to 3D print quicker, use a 0. 1 mm (0. Leveling is essential when getting the first layer right in 3D printing. 4 mm nozzle. 1 mm thin, while LFS and SLA 3D printers are even more precise. 2mm nozzle. 9 degree stepper). 2mm will take twice as long. FDM/FFF Standard — printing with plastic filament at a layer height of 0. Dec 17, 2021 · RE: Optimal layer height for your Z axis calculator. 2 and . Famous for accuracy and precision, the SLA 3D printing process offers strong adhesion between layers, presenting good structural integrity for parts, and superior dimensional accuracy. 2mm layer height takes 31 minutes. If the number is set too low, printing speed becomes slower, but model details will be finer. Adjusting the layer height affects the part’s detail and resolution, print speed, and the amount of post-processing required. One of the main settings used to determine the quality and cost of your 3d print is layer height. The results are quite interesting. For filaments that are abrasive like wood-fill PLA, a 0. Here’s a step-by-step guide: Enter the Printer Settings: Printer Model: Select your 3D printer model from the dropdown list. With its precise calculations based on critical parameters, you can be sure that your prints will be of the highest quality. Q: How accurate is the 3D Print Time Calculator? The use of supports is an inseparable part of working in 3D printing. 36 mm with a normal line width of 0. The 10-micron layer height model took 20 hours to 3D print with 3520 layers total. 24, 0. com Sep 8, 2019 · Your layer height should be a multiple of this. Check out this simple guide to learn how to successfully design and print them! Jan 19, 2023 · For instance, if you set the top/bottom layer count to 5, Cura will automatically calculate the top/bottom thickness value by multiplying this figure by your layer height, yielding a top/bottom thickness of 1. By taking these parameters into consideration, the calculator delivers an optimized flow rate, ensuring that the 3D print is consistent and of high quality. Bottom layer count. Your bed should be warm when you are leveling and measuring just how far the nozzle is from the bed. Just compare these 2 images; the first is sliced with a constant layer height of 0. Suppose you have a 3D print job with 200 layers, each 0. 3mm layer height for . How to Use the 3D Print Time Calculator. You don’t necessarily have to choose just one nozzle size. Feb 28, 2022 · The 45-degree rule in 3D printing is a rule that states you can 3D print layers successfully, as long as the angle of the model doesn’t exceed 45 degrees. Aug 18, 2023 · Thanks to layer height 3D printing technology, 3D printers can create much more complex designs like human faces and even full-sized working prosthetic limbs. 4 mm). In places where the overhang angle of the printing walls exceeds the boundary angle, the program used to prepare the printout will insert additional structures that will serve as support for the printed element. This refers to the Z-axis resolution. 12, 0. However, finding the optimal layer height for your printer Print angle is important for flat pieces. Layer height in 3D printing has to do with the fact that in 3D printers, the printing is done layer by layer. Nozzle Diameter: Specify the diameter of the nozzle on your 3D printer (e. 300 mm, and the second uses 0. Layer Height Layer Height. Noticeable layer structure of the product, average strength. Print Time = 60 200 × 0. 20, 0. Calculate the value of nozzle size * 0. By the time you are done reading this write-up, you will have a good understanding of what layer height 3D printing is, how it affects your output resolution, strength, quality, printing 3d Printing Speed Calculator . The layer height in the 3D printing process has a significant influence on the overall duration of the printing process. A smaller line width can improve quality, while a larger line width can improve part strength. 8 degree stepper) or 8/400=0. Z axis isn't usually enabled during inactivity. 28 mm. 05 mm). 28 mm for printing PETG with a 0. If the customer wants to print it with other materials, the price could rise a lot. Layer height. Mar 29, 2022 · Low Quality (0. 07 mm³/s; Thais a 2 mm³/s difference which can be significant if you’re pushing a stock hot-end on a typical 3D printer to its limit Apr 15, 2020 · Layer height – 0. Feb 16, 2024 · This blog post explores the importance of line width in 3D printing, highlighting its impact on strength, surface finish, and print speed. You can adjust the exposure settings directly through your Jan 12, 2023 · In most 3D printers the layer height is between 0. Sep 27, 2023 · How do you calculate flow rate in 3D printing? To optimize 3D prints, you can adjust various settings, including layer height, print speed, temperature, and Find out how layer height affects print quality, speed, and cost, and use a layer height calculator 3D printing tool. 025mm layer heights. 333 hours. Mar 16, 2023 · For the printing of small models, it can achieve low layer height and high precision; for the printing of large models, the printing size of Anycubic Kobra 2 Plus is 400x320x320mm(HWD), and the printing speed is 300-500mm/s, which can be adjusted to high layer height and high printing speed, complete 3D prints building quickly. I can't think of a reason to make the first layer height lower than the other Jan 11, 2020 · I’d say the biggest time-consuming printer settings are the layer height, print size, and nozzle diameter. 05mm for faster speeds while still maintaining great quality. Note that when printing at low layer heights, you will need more solid layers to achieve the same top/bottom wall thickness (e. 75 for the higher bound of layer height values. Jan 19, 2023 · The layer height and the initial layer height parameters decide the thickness of each layer of the 3D printed model, making them a significant factor in how the physical form of the model will turn out in terms of how the layers combine together to create the object. This calculator has 4 input fields: Nozzle orifice size, or extrusion width; ; Layer thickness, or extrusion height; ; Print Speed, a measure of the toolhead linear speed; Mar 11, 2024 · If you choose a 3D printing layer height of 0. If your printing surface is off by even a few millimeters, it can significantly impact the finished print. Aug 28, 2024 · The Layer Height Calculator helps users determine the optimal layer height for 3D printing based on the nozzle diameter. All3DP; All3DP Pro; Get It 3D Printed Jun 18, 2022 · They are printed as solid to close the top and bottoms of your 3D prints. You’ll obtain much better-looking prints if your layer height is multiple of the minimum height your Z-axis can shift. 1mm layer height takes 62 minutes on Cura. Setting up variable layer height First, select a model in the 3D view. The zoom is pretty high, and we still have a hard time seeing the layers. To use the 3D Printing Calculator enter the values below and upload your STL file. Layer height is a critical concept in 3D printing. 05mm layer height, but I've seen that this printer (and basically all of the other Elegoo Mars-likes) can go down as far as 0. 3 mm). 019. Nov 13, 2020 · The best nozzle size to choose is a 0. Layer Height: Enter the desired Apr 10, 2022 · For the best results, slow down the print speed to around 30mm/s and reduce the layer height to around 0. 08, 0. If you want to print something with intricate details, you will get the best print with a thinner layer height and a suitable printing speed. Jan 19, 2023 · Calculate the value of nozzle size * 0. Using Weistek ABS like resin, 10 second exposure (mainly for small supports, works well at 8 seconds if minimal supports are needed. com Layer Height Calculator is a powerful tool that takes into account several factors, including the properties of your stepper motor, the diameter of your hotend nozzle, and the pitch of your lead screw, to determine the optimum layer heights to print at. The rationale of this rule of thumb is that the filament leaves the nozzle as a tube and needs to be flattened to make it adhere to the previous Dec 2, 2018 · Optimal Layer Heights Based on the lead of the Anet A8 Z-Axis leadscrews (8mm - each full rotation moves the Z-Axis 8mm), the Z-Motor steps per revolution (200), and this calculator, we can calculate the list of optimal layer heights: 0. 2 – 0. If you want to print flat surfaces with your resin printer, you need to print them at an angle. A key principle of all 3d printing processes is that a part is made up of layers on top of each other in much the same way as a terraced landscape and the layer height is simply how high each of those terraced layers is. 00mm nozzle, but with 0. Selecting the correct layer height is essential for achieving the desired print quality and ensuring proper adhesion between layers. To increase the print bed adhesion, the line width of the first layer can be set to 120% or higher (e. 1 mm. Suitable for unloaded technical and decorative items for subsequent processing. 28mm in your slicer settings and this will give you the desired thicker first layer. 3 mm and a minimum layer height of 0. To quickly recap, our recommendation is to use a layer height value of 0. When using a thicker layer height, the 3D printer would use fewer layers to finish the parts with the desired total height. uawbzwlq zkqc hsc kyzw rostl whqkkl nlxzmei hgmob emgzf ybfcl